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Research/How often does AI recommend a brand with reservations?

How often does AI recommend a brand with reservations?

About one in ten times. AI added a reservation to 192,153 of 1,946,450 reviewed ranked-brand appearances.

By Dimitry Apollonsky · August 24, 2026 · 11 min read

9.9%
of reviewed ranked-brand appearances carried a reservation
192,153 of 1,946,450
▸Contents
  • AI added reservations to about one in ten ranked brand appearances
  • Reservations are not the same as criticism or rejection
  • Conditions and fallbacks made up most reservation labels
  • ChatGPT Search used reservations almost three times as often as Google AI Mode
  • Lower-ranked brands carried reservations more than twice as often
  • USAA, Zuora, and HelloFresh had the highest larger-brand rates
  • Larger-industry rates ranged from 6.2% to 13.2%
  • The study covers reviewed recommendation language, not every ranked brand
  • What marketers should do
  • Get the data
  • Sources
  • Related research
Contents
  • AI added reservations to about one in ten ranked brand appearances
  • Reservations are not the same as criticism or rejection
  • Conditions and fallbacks made up most reservation labels
  • ChatGPT Search used reservations almost three times as often as Google AI Mode
  • Lower-ranked brands carried reservations more than twice as often
  • USAA, Zuora, and HelloFresh had the highest larger-brand rates
  • Larger-industry rates ranged from 6.2% to 13.2%
  • The study covers reviewed recommendation language, not every ranked brand
  • What marketers should do
  • Get the data
  • Sources
  • Related research

In the Parse index, we analyzed 2,049,184 reviewed brand statements across 1,946,450 ranked brand appearances, 451,293 AI answers, 143,885 brands, and 17,338 organic prompts on ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode from May 24 through August 19, 2026.

40.1%
of reserved appearances carried no specific criticism
77,004 of 192,153
2.9 times
higher reservation rate on ChatGPT Search
14.9% versus 5.1%
2.0M
reviewed brand statements were analyzed
2,049,184 across 451,293 AI answers

AI added reservations to about one in ten ranked brand appearances

AI added a reservation to 192,153 of 1,946,450 reviewed ranked-brand appearances, or 9.9%. A ranked-brand appearance is one consolidated brand with a direct recommendation rank and reviewed language in one observed AI answer.

A recommendation is not always an unqualified endorsement. Track whether the answer attaches a condition, fallback, comparison, budget limit, risk warning, or other reservation to the brand it ranks.

Takeaway

Keep reservation state beside recommendation rank instead of treating every ranked appearance as an unqualified endorsement.

Reservations are not the same as criticism or rejection

Among the 192,153 reserved appearances, 77,004, or 40.1%, carried no specific criticism. Only 7,308, or 3.8%, explicitly recommended against the brand for the stated need. The remaining 184,845 reserved appearances were not rejections.

BrightEdge reports negative sentiment in 2.3% of Google AI Overviews brand mentions and 1.6% of ChatGPT brand mentions. This study measures conditional recommendation language on different engines and at a ranked-brand grain, so those rates are not comparable. A sentiment or rejection audit cannot substitute for a reservation audit.

40.1%
carried no specific criticism
77,004 of 192,153 reserved appearances
3.8%
were explicit rejections
7,308 of 192,153 reserved appearances

Takeaway

Audit reservations, criticism, and explicit rejection as separate recommendation states.

Conditions and fallbacks made up most reservation labels

A condition appeared in 102,517 reserved brand appearances, or 53.4%. A fallback appeared in 46,083, or 24.0%. At least one of those two labels appeared in 148,228 of 192,153 reserved appearances, or 77.1%.

Most reservations describe fit rather than a blanket warning. Store the type and the buyer need with the brand so a conditional fit is not reported as general criticism.

Reservation labels
  • Conditions53.4% (102,517)
  • Fallbacks24.0% (46,083)
  • A rival was better11.8% (22,608)
  • Budget-only fit5.8% (11,225)
  • Risk warnings5.2% (9,934)
  • No type label5.1% (9,790)
Share of 192,153 reserved ranked-brand appearances. One appearance can carry more than one label.

ChatGPT Search used reservations almost three times as often as Google AI Mode

ChatGPT Search added reservations to 141,835 of 951,620 reviewed ranked-brand appearances, or 14.9%. Google AI Mode did so in 50,318 of 994,830, or 5.1%. The ChatGPT Search rate was 2.9 times as high, a 9.8-point difference.

Use separate engine baselines. The aggregate rate hides the largest split in the study and does not show that either engine's reservation is factually correct.

Reservation rate by engine
  • ChatGPT Search14.9% (141,835 of 951,620)
  • Google AI Mode5.1% (50,318 of 994,830)
Reviewed ranked-brand appearances on organic prompts, May 24 through August 19, 2026.

Takeaway

Benchmark reservation rates separately on ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode.

Lower-ranked brands carried reservations more than twice as often

Reservations appeared in 17,314 of 344,108 first-place brand appearances, or 5.0%; 55,266 of 596,811 second- or third-place appearances, or 9.3%; and 119,573 of 1,005,531 appearances at fourth or lower, or 11.9%. The fourth-or-lower rate was 2.4 times the first-place rate.

Compare brands at similar recommendation ranks. This pattern does not show that rank caused the reservation, but rank changes the descriptive baseline by 6.9 percentage points.

Reservation rate by recommendation rank
  • First5.0% (17,314 of 344,108)
  • Second or third9.3% (55,266 of 596,811)
  • Fourth or lower11.9% (119,573 of 1,005,531)
Reviewed ranked-brand appearances on ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode.

USAA, Zuora, and HelloFresh had the highest larger-brand rates

Among brands with at least 500 reviewed appearances, USAA carried reservations in 272 of 720 appearances, or 37.8%. Zuora followed with 230 of 738, or 31.2%, and HelloFresh with 219 of 740, or 29.6%. Seven more cleaned root-brand names complete the leaderboard.

This table identifies where to review recommendation language. It is not a brand-quality ranking. Compare the exact prompts, needs, reservation types, engines, and recommendation ranks before drawing a conclusion about a brand.

Highest reservation rates among larger brand groups
Brands with at least 500 reviewed ranked-brand appearances and 20 reserved appearances.
USAA27272037.8%93
Zuora23073831.2%67
HelloFresh logoHelloFresh21974029.6%67
Robinhood logoRobinhood18462629.4%80
Automattic3601,22629.4%183
Tether logoTether21172529.1%96
Bitcoin logoBitcoin20272128.0%89
Lago24789327.7%48
BetterHelp logoBetterHelp22481527.5%81
Ethereum logoEthereum6092,23827.2%234

Takeaway

Use the named-brand table to prioritize answer review, not to infer brand quality.

Larger-industry rates ranged from 6.2% to 13.2%

Among industries with at least 10,000 reviewed appearances, Software recorded 12,993 reserved appearances among 98,602, or 13.2%. Collaboration recorded 1,327 of 10,571, or 12.6%. Manufacturing recorded 903 of 14,627, or 6.2%.

Use an industry baseline before calling a brand's reservation rate unusual. These breakdowns describe the observed prompt corpus and do not show that industry caused the difference.

Selected reservation rates by industry
  • Software13.2% (12,993 of 98,602)
  • Collaboration12.6% (1,327 of 10,571)
  • Financial Services12.4% (13,347 of 107,510)
  • Real Estate8.9% (2,191 of 24,728)
  • Clothing and Apparel8.0% (892 of 11,167)
  • Manufacturing6.2% (903 of 14,627)
Industries with at least 10,000 reviewed ranked-brand appearances and 20 reserved appearances.

The study covers reviewed recommendation language, not every ranked brand

The main appearance-level rate was 192,153 of 1,946,450, or 9.9%. Counting reviewed statements instead returned 195,325 of 2,049,184, or 9.5%. Reviewed language was available for 1,946,450 of 3,582,303 direct ranked root-brand appearances, or 54.3%.

The similar statement-level rate supports the headline at a second grain. The denominator excludes ranked brands without reviewed language. Sparse reviewed rows after August 14 were retained in the Parse index, but the study makes no time-trend claim. It does not measure factual accuracy, source support, causation, buyer opinion, or user behavior.

9.9%
ranked-brand appearance rate
192,153 of 1,946,450
9.5%
reviewed-statement rate
195,325 of 2,049,184
54.3%
of direct ranked appearances had reviewed language
1,946,450 of 3,582,303
100.0%
of reserved appearances had a specific type
192,115 of 192,153

What marketers should do

Reservations appeared in 192,153 reviewed ranked-brand appearances. ChatGPT Search's rate was 2.9 times Google's, and the fourth-or-lower rate was 2.4 times the first-place rate.

Track recommendation rank, reservation type, buyer need, criticism, and explicit rejection separately. Compare the same priority prompts on both engines. Review high-rate brands and industries at the underlying answer level. Check factual and source support before changing messaging. Repeat the fixed method next quarter before calling any difference movement.

Get the data

Dataset CSVThe metrics behind every figure in this report.

Sources

  1. BrightEdge: When AI goes negative · accessed 2026-08-24
  2. Semrush: AI Visibility Brand Performance Reports · accessed 2026-08-24
  3. G2: The Answer Economy, 2026 AI Search Insight Report · accessed 2026-08-24
  4. ACL: Recognizing conflict opinions in sentiment classification · accessed 2026-08-24

Related research

Does AI criticize its top recommendation?
Sometimes. Of 150,193 top-ranked brand recommendations, 5,460 came with a specific negative claim about the brand in the same AI answer.
Does AI cite sources when it criticizes a brand?
Usually not. Of 64,899 times AI criticized a ranked brand, 42,748 had no cited page attached to that brand in the same answer.
Do ChatGPT and Google criticize the same brands?
Rarely. When at least one engine criticized a brand that both ranked for the same prompt, both did so in only 1,656 of 19,811 matched comparisons.
How often does AI recommend against a brand?
Rarely. Of 1,290,741 reviewed AI statements about brands, 5,403 said a brand was not recommended for the stated need.
Does AI favor its own company's products?
Only slightly, and the larger tilt is ChatGPT's. Google AI Mode recommended an Alphabet product on 15.2% of 17,726 matched prompts vs ChatGPT Search's 14.7%; ChatGPT Search recommended an OpenAI product on 5.2% vs 4.0%.
What do AI buying questions optimize for?
Features and workflows, not price. Of 920,930 AI brand recommendations anchored to a specific buyer need, 4.1% optimized for price — features outnumbered price 13 to 1.
The AI engine report card
Close on which brands to name, far apart on everything else. On the same 17,083 prompts, 7 of 10 report-card metrics split by 2.6 times or more between ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode.
Where does AI give a straight answer, and where does it hedge?
It depends on the market. Hedged recommendations ranged from 1.6% of reviewed ranked-brand appearances in warehouse robotics to 22.6% in Ethereum DeFi tokens, a 13.7x spread.
How often does AI call a brand an alternative?
About one in twenty-four times. AI framed 89,979 of 2,148,490 reviewed ranked-brand appearances as alternatives.

About this research

Dimitry Apollonsky

Founder, Parse

I built Parse to track where AI answers really come from: the sources they cite and the brands they name. DM me on LinkedIn to talk shop.

Review recommendation rank, reservations, criticism, and rejection separately.

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