A recommendation can include a warning or a condition that changes who should choose the brand. We wanted to know how often AI attaches reservations to the brands it ranks.
We examined 2,049,184 reviewed statements in 451,293 ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode answers from May 24 through August 19, 2026. We measured reservations among the reviewed ranked-brand appearances.
AI recommended brands with reservations in 9.9% of the ranked brand appearances we reviewed from ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode.
AI added reservations to about one in ten ranked brand appearances
AI added a reservation to 192,153 of 1,946,450 reviewed ranked-brand appearances, or 9.9%. A ranked-brand appearance is one consolidated brand with a direct recommendation rank and reviewed language in one observed AI answer.
A recommendation is not always an unqualified endorsement. Track whether the answer attaches a condition, fallback, comparison, budget limit, risk warning, or other reservation to the brand it ranks.
Takeaway
Reservations are not the same as criticism or rejection
Among the 192,153 reserved appearances, 77,004, or 40.1%, carried no specific criticism. Only 7,308, or 3.8%, explicitly recommended against the brand for the stated need. The remaining 184,845 reserved appearances were not rejections.
BrightEdge reports negative sentiment in 2.3% of Google AI Overviews brand mentions and 1.6% of ChatGPT brand mentions. This study measures conditional recommendation language on different engines and for each ranked brand in an answer, so those rates are not comparable. A sentiment or rejection audit cannot substitute for a reservation audit.
- carried no specific criticism
- 40.1%
77,004 of 192,153 reserved appearances
- were explicit rejections
- 3.8%
7,308 of 192,153 reserved appearances
Takeaway
Conditions and fallbacks made up most reservation labels
A condition appeared in 102,517 reserved brand appearances, or 53.4%. A fallback appeared in 46,083, or 24.0%. At least one of those two labels appeared in 148,228 of 192,153 reserved appearances, or 77.1%.
Most reservations describe fit rather than a blanket warning. Store the type and the topic with the brand so a conditional fit is not reported as general criticism.
Reservation labels
- Conditions53.4%102,517
- Fallbacks24.0%46,083
- A rival was better11.8%22,608
- Budget-only fit5.8%11,225
- Risk warnings5.2%9,934
- No type label5.1%9,790
ChatGPT Search used reservations almost three times as often as Google AI Mode
ChatGPT Search added reservations to 141,835 of 951,620 reviewed ranked-brand appearances, or 14.9%. Google AI Mode did so in 50,318 of 994,830, or 5.1%. The ChatGPT Search rate was 2.9 times as high, a 9.8-point difference.
Use separate engine baselines. The aggregate rate hides the largest split in the study and does not show that either engine's reservation is factually correct.
Reservation rate by engine
- ChatGPT Search14.9%141,835 of 951,620
- Google AI Mode5.1%50,318 of 994,830
Takeaway
Lower-ranked brands carried reservations more than twice as often
Reservations appeared in 17,314 of 344,108 first-place brand appearances, or 5.0%; 55,266 of 596,811 second- or third-place appearances, or 9.3%; and 119,573 of 1,005,531 appearances at fourth or lower, or 11.9%. The fourth-or-lower rate was 2.4 times the first-place rate.
Compare brands at similar recommendation ranks. This pattern does not show that rank caused the reservation, but rank changes the descriptive baseline by 6.9 percentage points.
Reservation rate by recommendation rank
- First5.0%17,314 of 344,108
- Second or third9.3%55,266 of 596,811
- Fourth or lower11.9%119,573 of 1,005,531
USAA, Zuora, and HelloFresh had the highest larger-brand rates
Among brands with at least 500 reviewed appearances, USAA carried reservations in 272 of 720 appearances, or 37.8%. Zuora followed with 230 of 738, or 31.2%, and HelloFresh with 219 of 740, or 29.6%. Seven more cleaned root-brand names complete the leaderboard.
This table identifies where to review recommendation language. It is not a brand-quality ranking. Compare the exact prompts, needs, reservation types, engines, and recommendation ranks before drawing a conclusion about a brand.
Highest reservation rates among larger brand groups
Reservation rate · 10 results
Takeaway
Larger-industry rates ranged from 6.2% to 13.2%
Among industries with at least 10,000 reviewed appearances, Software recorded 12,993 reserved appearances among 98,602, or 13.2%. Collaboration recorded 1,327 of 10,571, or 12.6%. Manufacturing recorded 903 of 14,627, or 6.2%.
Use an industry baseline before calling a brand's reservation rate unusual. These breakdowns describe the observed prompt corpus and do not show that industry caused the difference.
Selected reservation rates by industry
- Software13.2%12,993 of 98,602
- Collaboration12.6%1,327 of 10,571
- Financial Services12.4%13,347 of 107,510
- Real Estate8.9%2,191 of 24,728
- Clothing and Apparel8.0%892 of 11,167
- Manufacturing6.2%903 of 14,627
The study covers reviewed recommendation language, not every ranked brand
The main appearance-level rate was 192,153 of 1,946,450, or 9.9%. Counting reviewed statements instead returned 195,325 of 2,049,184, or 9.5%. Reviewed language was available for 1,946,450 of 3,582,303 direct ranked root-brand appearances, or 54.3%.
The similar statement-level rate supports the headline when counting statements instead of brand appearances. The denominator excludes ranked brands without reviewed language. Sparse reviewed rows after August 14 were retained in the Parse index, but the study makes no time-trend claim. It does not measure factual accuracy, source support, causation, buyer opinion, or user behavior.
- ranked-brand appearance rate
- 9.9%
192,153 of 1,946,450
- reviewed-statement rate
- 9.5%
195,325 of 2,049,184
- of direct ranked appearances had reviewed language
- 54.3%
1,946,450 of 3,582,303
- of reserved appearances had a specific type
- 100.0%
192,115 of 192,153
What marketers should do
Reservations appeared in 192,153 reviewed ranked-brand appearances. ChatGPT Search's rate was 2.9 times Google's, and the fourth-or-lower rate was 2.4 times the first-place rate.
Track recommendation rank, reservation type, topic, criticism, and explicit rejection separately. Compare the same priority prompts on both engines. Review high-rate brands and industries at the underlying answer level. Check factual and source support before changing messaging. Repeat the fixed method next quarter before calling any difference movement.
How we measured
We analyzed 2,049,184 reviewed brand statements across 1,946,450 ranked brand appearances, 451,293 AI answers, 143,885 brands, and 17,338 organic prompts on ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode from May 24 through August 19, 2026.
- of reserved appearances carried no specific criticism
- 40.1%
77,004 of 192,153
- higher reservation rate on ChatGPT Search
- 2.9 times
14.9% versus 5.1%
- reviewed brand statements were analyzed
- 2.0M
2,049,184 across 451,293 AI answers
Get the data
Sources
- BrightEdge: When AI goes negative · accessed August 24, 2026
- Semrush: AI Visibility Brand Performance Reports · accessed August 24, 2026
- G2: The Answer Economy, 2026 AI Search Insight Report · accessed August 24, 2026
- ACL: Recognizing conflict opinions in sentiment classification · accessed August 24, 2026