LogicMonitor holds a clear lead, frequently recommended for automated discovery and hybrid-cloud infrastructure visibility. For deep packet capture and low-latency troubleshooting, Wireshark is the usual answer instead.
Since July, Grafanarising has become one of the three most named platforms for general infrastructure monitoring. Over the same period, Domotzfalling dropped out of recommendations for automated network discovery.
Latest insights
Week of Sep 21–27 · Since Jul 5
Datadog Gap between platforms: Datadog's platform gap in Network and Data Center Monitoring Software narrowed: Google AI Mode 45.6%, ChatGPT Search 35.1%
Dynatrace Slipping: Dynatrace now ranks #8 in Network and Data Center Monitoring Software, down from #7
ManageEngine ITOM Gap between platforms: ManageEngine ITOM's Mentioned in is higher on Google AI Mode than on ChatGPT Search in Network and Data Center Monitoring Software: 31.3% vs 18.1%
SolarWinds Gap between platforms: SolarWinds's platform gap in Network and Data Center Monitoring Software narrowed: ChatGPT Search 27.8%, Google AI Mode 17.7%
ThousandEyes Gaining: ThousandEyesPRTG Network Monitor now trails ThousandEyes in Network and Data Center Monitoring Software
What's the best network monitoring system that provides detailed performance dashboards for a large enterprise?
Google AI Mode· Oct 13, 2026
For a large enterprise requiring detailed, highly customizable, and real-time performance dashboards, there isn't a single "one-size-fits-all" winner—the right choice depends heavily on whether your infrastructure is heavily cloud-native, on-premises hybrid, or multi-vendor hardware-focused.
The top-tier enterprise network monitoring systems (NMS) and observability platforms praised for their robust, granular dashboards include:
To help narrow down which platform aligns with your environment, tell me:
Which network and data center monitoring platforms offer observability across hybrid environments while allowing for child-account multi-tenancy?
What are the top-rated monitoring platforms for managed service providers that feature role-based access, integrated billing, and multi-tenant dashboards?
Can you recommend data center and network monitoring platforms that handle hybrid infrastructure and allow for child-account multi-tenancy?
Which monitoring platforms are best for MSPs needing multi-tenant dashboards, billing, and role-based access?
Which monitoring tools are best for packet capture, jitter analysis, and low-latency data center environments?
Google AI Mode· Oct 13, 2026
In low-latency data center environments (such as High-Frequency Trading [HFT], financial exchanges, and high-performance computing clusters), traditional monitoring tools fail because they aggregate data over 1-second averages or introduce jitter themselves. You need tools capable of nanosecond-precision timestamping, line-rate capture without packet drops during micro-bursts, and deep payload inspection.[](]()](]()]()
Which tools monitor network devices, storage arrays, and hypervisors in one data center dashboard?
For most enterprise IT teams, I’d start with SolarWinds Storage Resource Monitor (SRM) if your primary requirements are storage performance monitoring, capacity forecasting, and scheduled reporting across multiple storage vendors. If you also want unified monitoring across on-premises infrastructure and cloud, LogicMonitor is a strong alternative.
The best choice depends on whether you need deep SAN/NAS analytics, broader infrastructure observability, or a tool focused on a particular storage platform.
Best storage performance and capacity monitoring tools
1. SolarWinds Storage Resource Monitor
(Best overall for storage reporting)
Best for enterprise SAN/NAS environments with multiple vendors. Monitors IOPS, latency, throughput, LUNs, storage pools, and capacity trends. Includes historical reporting, customizable reports, alerts, and capacity forecasting.
A good fit if you want storage monitoring alongside servers, applications, and public cloud. It offers automated discovery, multi-vendor integrations, performance correlation, forecasting, and role-specific dashboards and reports.
Strong for IT teams that want storage and network monitoring in one console. Offers RAID and disk performance metrics, utilization trends, capacity forecasts, custom reports, and scheduled report delivery.
Especially worth evaluating if you use NetApp ONTAP. It provides preconfigured ONTAP dashboards, workload and infrastructure visibility, alerts, and predictions of when storage will run out. It also supports heterogeneous and hybrid-cloud infrastructure.
This is a qualitative feature-fit comparison, not an independent benchmark. Verify supported array models, licensing, and report export requirements before purchasing.
What I would evaluate before choosing
Make sure the software can:
Track IOPS, read/write latency, throughput, and queue depth to identify bottlenecks.
Forecast when each pool, volume, LUN, or filesystem will reach capacity.
Produce scheduled PDF, Excel, or CSV reports with historical trends.
Alert on capacity thresholds and performance degradation.
Correlate storage problems with the affected servers, virtual machines, and applications.
Retain enough historical data for monthly, quarterly, and year-over-year reporting.
Let’s narrow it down
The single most important factor is your storage environment. Which setup are you monitoring?
1. Storage environment
NetApp
Dell storage
Pure Storage
Mixed-vendor SAN/NAS
VMware, hyperconverged, or server storage
Cloud storage
2. Main priority
Capacity forecasting and scheduled reports
Troubleshooting latency and IOPS bottlenecks
Executive dashboards and monthly management reports
For automated discovery and mapping of your entire IT network infrastructure, my top recommendation is SolarWinds Network Topology Mapper (NTM) if your main goal is to automatically discover network devices and generate detailed topology diagrams. If you also need a unified inventory of IT assets across on-premises, cloud, remote endpoints, IoT, and OT, Lansweeper is a strong alternative.
Top tools to consider
1. Auvik — Best for ongoing automated network mapping
(Best for network visibility)
Automatically discovers devices and connections, maps physical and logical topology across network layers, and updates maps as the network changes. Ideal for IT teams that want less manual documentation and easier troubleshooting.
Website:
2. SolarWinds Network Topology Mapper — Best for detailed network diagrams
Discovers devices and creates editable Layer 2 and Layer 3 maps using protocols and methods such as SNMP, ICMP, WMI, CDP, and virtualization integrations. A good choice for network engineers who need detailed infrastructure documentation.
Website:
3. Lansweeper — Best for enterprise-wide asset discovery
Combines network, endpoint, and cloud discovery to build a centralized inventory of IT, OT, IoT, and cloud assets. It also generates network and dependency diagrams. Best when you need to know both what's connected and what each asset is.
Website:
4. SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor — Best for discovery plus performance monitoring
Discovers SNMP-enabled network devices, creates dynamic maps, and connects topology visibility with device health, availability, and performance metrics. Choose this when monitoring and troubleshooting are as important as mapping.
Website:
Which should you choose?
Your main requirement
My pick
Automatically map network connections and keep them current
Auvik
Produce detailed, editable network topology diagrams
SolarWinds NTM
Discover IT assets across network, cloud, and remote endpoints
Lansweeper
Combine mapping with network health and performance monitoring
SolarWinds NPM
These recommendations are based on each product's documented capabilities rather than a controlled, independent benchmark.
One important consideration: No tool can guarantee discovery of every device in every environment. Coverage depends on network segmentation, access credentials, device protocols, cloud integrations, and sensor placement.
Finding the "best" tool for automated IT network discovery and mapping depends heavily on your specific infrastructure (cloud vs. on-prem , multi-vendor, enterprise vs. SMB). However, several industry-leading solutions stand out for their deep automation, discovery accuracy, and dynamic mapping:
To help narrow down which platform fits your environment best, tell me:
Best network monitoring platforms for reducing alert noise
If your main goal is to turn hundreds of individual network and infrastructure alerts into a small number of actionable incidents, I’d shortlist LogicMonitor, Dynatrace, BigPanda, Datadog, and Moogsoft. They address the problem in different ways: network dependency mapping, causal root-cause analysis, or cross-tool event correlation.
The key distinction is that deduplication removes repeated alerts, while root-cause correlation groups different symptoms caused by the same underlying failure. For example, one failed core switch might trigger alerts from dozens of downstream devices. A good platform should help your NOC investigate one incident rather than chase every symptom independently.
Top platforms to evaluate
1. LogicMonitor
(Best starting point for network teams)
LogicMonitor is a strong candidate for network and hybrid-infrastructure monitoring where device dependencies and alert correlation matter. It is worth evaluating for consolidating device, server, and service symptoms into fewer incidents.
Best for: Network operations centers, hybrid infrastructure, multi-site networks.
Validate: How well its topology and dependency mapping identifies the initiating device failure versus downstream symptoms.
2. Dynatrace
(Best for causal root-cause analysis)
Dynatrace Intelligence normalizes incoming events, deduplicates related events, and correlates them across causal topology. It can identify a root-cause candidate and affected components rather than merely grouping alerts by matching attributes.
Best for: Complex hybrid environments where network symptoms affect applications, services, and infrastructure.
Validate: Coverage of network devices and whether your required telemetry and causal relationships are available with your chosen configuration.
3. BigPanda
(Best for multi-vendor alert storms)
BigPanda is particularly relevant when alerts originate from many different monitoring products. Its event-correlation approach consolidates events into incidents, making it a candidate for an overlay above your existing network monitoring stack.
Best for: Large NOCs with multiple monitoring tools, ITSM systems, and inconsistent alert formats.
Validate: Whether its correlation rules capture real causal dependencies or mostly group events by time, topology, and attributes.
4. Datadog
Datadog Event Management centralizes alerts from Datadog and third-party sources, with event grouping, deduplication, and correlation supported by broader observability context. It's appealing if network monitoring is one part of a wider cloud and application observability strategy.
Best for: Cloud-centric organizations and teams already using Datadog for infrastructure, applications, and logs.
Validate: The depth of network-device dependency analysis and the availability of relevant capabilities in your plan.
5. Moogsoft
Moogsoft is worth considering when the central problem is noisy event streams from disparate monitoring systems. Its traditional strength is event clustering and situation correlation, rather than replacing every underlying monitoring tool.
Best for: Established operations teams looking for a dedicated event-correlation layer.
Validate: Current product availability, support arrangements, integration coverage, and roadmap before committing.
How they compare
Platform
Deduplication
Root-cause correlation
Strongest fit
LogicMonitor
Yes
Network/resource dependencies
Network-first NOC
Dynatrace
Yes
Causal topology and AI analysis
Hybrid infrastructure and applications
This comparison reflects documented capabilities, not a controlled head-to-head performance test. LogicMonitor's dependent alert mapping, for example, has specific topology and unreachable-resource requirements; BigPanda uses configurable correlation patterns and event enrichment.
My recommendation by use case
Primarily routers, switches, firewalls and WAN links
Start with LogicMonitor. Test whether it correctly identifies an unreachable upstream device and suppresses dependent notifications without hiding independent faults.
Many monitoring tools feeding one NOC
Start with BigPanda. Its strength is normalizing and correlating events across existing monitoring systems, rather than requiring you to replace them.
Network problems that cascade into application outages
Evaluate Dynatrace, particularly if you need causal analysis across infrastructure, services and applications.
What to test before buying
Don't choose based solely on a vendor's claimed noise-reduction percentage. Run the same historical alert storm or controlled failure through each shortlisted platform and measure:
Deduplication: How many repeated events are eliminated?
Causal correlation: How often does the platform identify the actual initiating failure rather than just group events by timestamp?
False grouping: Does it combine unrelated failures into one incident?
Notification reduction: How many fewer pages reach the on-call engineer?
Time to root cause: How quickly can an operator identify the fault and affected services?
Operational safety: Are suppressed events still visible for investigation, and can independent critical alerts still trigger notifications?
A useful test scenario is a core switch failure that produces 100 downstream device alerts, plus two unrelated faults occurring at the same time. The ideal result is one incident for the switch failure and two separate incidents for the unrelated faults.
One question to narrow this to the best two or three choices: Is your environment primarily traditional network infrastructure, a hybrid network-and-server estate, or a multi-vendor NOC that needs to correlate alerts from many existing monitoring platforms?
The top-performing platforms for noise reduction and root-cause analysis break down across distinct architectural strengths:
1. **Dynatrace (Best for Topology & Deep Dependency Mapping)**
Known widely for its Davis AI engine, automatically builds a real-time dependency topology map of your entire ecosystem—from network and infrastructure layers up to application metrics. It excels at deduplication and causal root-cause analysis by evaluating the sequence of events, isolating the exact component failure rather than alerting on every downstream symptom.
Can you recommend network monitoring platforms that prioritize reducing alert fatigue through deduplication and root-cause analysis?
Which network monitoring solutions are most effective at handling alert fatigue through deduplication and root-cause analysis?
I can provide a more tailored comparison or licensing/cost breakdown.
For a large enterprise, I’d prioritize a network monitoring platform that combines detailed performance dashboards, end-to-end network visibility, real-time alerting, historical trend analysis, and scalability across multiple sites and data centers.
The best choice depends on whether you primarily monitor routers, switches, WAN links, and network devices, or need broader observability across applications, cloud infrastructure, and user experience.
My shortlist would start with SolarWinds, ScienceLogic, LogicMonitor, and Cisco ThousandEyes. They address different parts of enterprise monitoring, so the strongest dashboard experience isn't necessarily the same as the strongest end-to-end observability solution.
Best enterprise network monitoring systems
1.
Show me software options for data center network monitoring that feature visual performance dashboards.
I am looking for network monitoring platforms with synthetic testing, flow analysis, and global service dashboards. Which ones should I consider?
I'm looking for a network performance monitoring tool that can handle a complex, global enterprise network. What's the best NPMD (Network Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics) tool?
If you mean a genuinely complex, global enterprise network—multi-vendor, hybrid/multicloud, SD-WAN, lots of sites, SaaS dependencies, Internet paths, and high telemetry volume—my pick today is Kentik.
For a small-scale data center, I’d focus on tools that can monitor storage alongside servers, networking, and virtualization rather than buying a heavyweight SAN-management platform.
Good options
Tool
Best fit
Storage capabilities
Cost/complexity
Zabbix
Technical teams wanting maximum flexibility
SNMP, APIs, SMART, capacity, I/O, custom metrics and alerts
Deep NetApp-specific array, volume, replication and performance visibility
Excellent depth, limited to ecosystem
My practical shortlist
1. Checkmk — good all-around on-prem choice.
It has native storage monitoring across vendors including Dell/EMC, HPE, Hitachi, IBM, NetApp, Pure Storage, QNAP and Synology. It can monitor SAN/NAS as part of the same infrastructure-monitoring system.
2. PRTG — easiest starting point for a small IT team.
PRTG has preconfigured sensors for storage capacity, physical/logical disks, SAN/NAS, virtualization and backups. It also supports vendors such as Dell EMC, NetApp, QNAP and Synology. Paessler - The Monitoring ExpertsPaessler - The Monitoring Experts Its SNMP support makes it particularly useful if your storage equipment already exposes standard MIBs.
3. Zabbix — best if you have Linux/monitoring expertise.
It's particularly attractive when licensing cost matters and you don't mind building/tuning templates. You can combine SNMP monitoring of arrays with agent-based monitoring of the servers and custom scripts/APIs for storage-specific metrics. A recent 2026 comparison likewise highlights Zabbix's flexibility for SNMP/API-based storage monitoring.
4. SolarWinds Storage Resource Monitor — when storage is the primary concern.
This is more purpose-built for storage than the general infrastructure platforms. It's worth considering when you need deeper visibility into heterogeneous SAN/NAS environments and storage relationships rather than just capacity and health monitoring.
What I'd monitor
For a small data center, I'd make sure the software can alert on at least:
Capacity: pool/volume/LUN utilization and projected exhaustion
Performance: IOPS, throughput, latency and queue depth
Hardware: disk failures, SMART status, controllers, fans, PSUs and temperatures
RAID/pool health: degraded arrays and rebuilds
Connectivity: FC/iSCSI/NFS/SMB interface and path health
Replication: backup/replication failures and lag
Virtualization: datastore capacity and latency if you're running VMware/Hyper-V
Trends: historical utilization and capacity forecasting
Alerting: email, Teams/Slack/PagerDuty/etc., with sensible thresholds
For example, PRTG's NetApp monitoring can expose aggregate/volume/LUN capacity, I/O, latency, interfaces and replication status, illustrating the level of storage-specific detail you can get from a general monitoring platform.
If you tell me what storage you have (e.g. Synology/QNAP, Dell PowerStore/Unity, NetApp, HPE, TrueNAS, Ceph, VMware vSAN) and roughly how many servers/storage devices, I can narrow this to 2–3 suitable choices and compare licensing, deployment, and the metrics each can actually collect.
For small-scale data center environments, you want storage monitoring software that strikes a balance between comprehensive hardware/capacity visibility and low administrative overhead . Large enterprise suites (like full SRM packages or complex AIOps frameworks) are often overly expensive and bloated for smaller footprints.
Here are some of the best-suited options for small-scale and SMB environments, categorized by their strengths:
1. General Infrastructure & Network Tools with Great Storage Sensors
Paessler PRTG Network Monitor:
Best for: Small IT teams who want an all-in-one dashboard for servers, networking, and storage.
Why it fits: PRTG uses a flexible, sensor-based model. It features dedicated sensors for free disk space, volume usage, RAID health, and NAS/SAN metrics via SNMP, WMI, and SSH.
Pros: Very quick to set up, user-friendly interface, and the sensor-based licensing is easy to scale up incrementally. You can check details on the Paessler PRTG Monitoring Software page.
Zabbix:
Best for: Budget-conscious teams needing robust, free open-source monitoring.
Which storage monitoring solutions are best suited for smaller data center setups?
For a small data center—say, a handful to a few dozen servers, NAS/SAN devices, and switches—I’d focus on tools that are easy to deploy, support SNMP/agents, and don’t require a dedicated enterprise monitoring team.
For managed service providers that need multi-tenant dashboards, billing, and role-based access control (RBAC), I'd start with five platforms: Atera, Syncro, SuperOps, N-able N-central, and Site24x7 MSP Edition.
The key distinction is whether you need an all-in-one platform that combines monitoring with invoicing and service-desk workflows, or a dedicated monitoring platform that integrates with your existing PSA and billing system. Current comparisons highlight that trade-off as a major factor in choosing MSP software.
Shortlist and feature comparison
Based on vendor documentation and 2026 platform comparisons.
1. Atera
Best for all-in-one simplicity
Combines endpoint monitoring, remote management, help desk, and PSA workflows, including billing. A good starting point for MSPs that want to consolidate tools and use per-technician pricing.
Website:
2. Syncro
Best for built-in billing
Unifies RMM, ticketing, contracts, and invoicing, with QuickBooks and Xero integrations. Its security groups control user permissions, making it attractive to smaller and midsize MSPs.
Website:
3. SuperOps
Best for configurable technician roles
Combines RMM, PSA, ticketing, and service-delivery workflows. Supports custom technician roles, permissions, groups, and client-specific requester access. Worth evaluating if you want granular access controls in a modern unified platform.
Website:
4. N-able N-central
Best for complex multi-client environments
Offers customer/device access groups and configurable role-based permissions, alongside broad endpoint and network monitoring. Best suited to MSPs that need detailed operational control; PSA and billing generally require a separate workflow or integration.
Website:
5. Site24x7 MSP Edition
Best for infrastructure monitoring and white-labeling
Provides customer-separated monitoring, cross-customer dashboards, custom roles, audit logs, and white-label reports. Particularly compelling for infrastructure-focused MSPs; verify billing needs carefully because subscription administration is not the same as client service invoicing.
Choose Syncro if billing and invoicing inside the monitoring platform are your biggest priorities.
Choose Atera if you want a straightforward, unified RMM + PSA tool with predictable technician-based pricing.
Choose SuperOps if you need customizable access for technicians, client managers, and client users.
Choose N-able N-central if strict client/device access boundaries and advanced monitoring are more important than native billing.
Choose Site24x7 MSP Edition if you sell monitoring as a service and want branded customer dashboards and infrastructure reporting.
Three things to verify before buying
Tenant isolation: Can a technician assigned to Client A be prevented from viewing Client B's devices, credentials, alerts, and reports?
Billing granularity: Can you automatically bill each client for its own endpoints, licenses, monitoring usage, and contracted services?
RBAC granularity: Can you create separate permissions for MSP administrators, technicians, billing staff, read-only auditors, and client users?
My recommendation: shortlist Syncro, SuperOps, and Site24x7 first if you need all three capabilities, then test them against your actual client and billing workflows. If your environment is large or security-sensitive, add N-able N-central.
One question that would help narrow this down: Are you primarily monitoring endpoints and servers, or network infrastructure and cloud applications? That distinction can change which platform is the best fit.
For Managed Service Providers (MSPs) needing an all-in-one or tightly integrated command center, platforms that combine Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM), Professional Services Automation (PSA) , robust multi-tenancy, granular RBAC , and automated billing are ideal.[](https://blog.domotz.com/all/best-rmm-for-msp/)
Top-tier monitoring platforms built specifically to address these requirements include:
If you can share:
I can recommend the most cost-effective and operationally smooth platform for your stack.
For packet capture, jitter analysis, and low-latency data center monitoring, the best choice is usually a combination of packet-level analysis, continuous packet recording, and real-time network performance monitoring rather than a single tool.
The key distinction is whether you need to inspect individual packets, measure timing and jitter precisely, or monitor high-speed production traffic without losing packets. For data centers running latency-sensitive workloads, capture fidelity, timestamp accuracy, and visibility into both east–west and north–south traffic are especially important.
Best monitoring tools by use case
1. Wireshark — Best for detailed packet analysis
(Best starting point)
Inspect TCP retransmissions, packet timing, protocol behavior, connection setup, and round-trip-time trends. Excellent for diagnosing individual flows and investigating saved PCAP files.
Can you suggest monitoring solutions capable of low-latency data center packet capture and jitter analysis?
For low-latency data center packet capture and jitter analysis, I’d shortlist Napatech, Endace, Keysight, and VIAVI, depending on whether your primary goal is nanosecond-level timing measurements, continuous full-packet recording, or broader network performance monitoring.
The most important distinction is that capturing packets with precise hardware timestamps is not the same as measuring one-way latency or jitter accurately. For reliable measurements, you also need synchronized clocks, visibility at the right network points, and capture hardware that can sustain the traffic rate without dropping packets.
Recommended monitoring solutions
1. Napatech Link-Capture
(Best for precision jitter measurement)
Napatech's FPGA-based SmartNICs provide hardware packet timestamps with 1 ns resolution, high-speed capture, and timestamped transmit/receive measurements for round-trip delay and jitter. Link-Capture supports 10G, 25G, 40G and 100G test-and-measurement applications.
Can you suggest monitoring solutions for low-latency data centers that specifically support packet capture and jitter analysis?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Custom reporting
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dashboards and analytics
Hybrid-cloud visibility
Broader platform integration
Strong
Available through integrations
Strong
Best fit
Deep storage reporting
Unified observability
General IT operations
NetApp-heavy estates
BigPanda
Yes
Cross-tool, topology and context-based correlation
Multi-vendor environments
Datadog
Yes
Cross-telemetry event correlation
Cloud and unified observability
Moogsoft
Yes
Event clustering and ML-based correlation
Dedicated AIOps layer
Dynatrace
1. **LogicMonitor (Best for Hybrid-Cloud & Infrastructure Scale)**
LogicMonitor combines robust automated on-premises and hybrid cloud discovery with modern AIOps anomaly detection. Its root-cause capability correlates metrics and log events to cut down on false positives, enabling operators to see connections—like a down core switch at a branch explaining downstream server unreachable alerts—in a single view.
1. **Selector AI (Best for Network-Specific AIOps & Telemetry Correlation)**
Built specifically to tackle complex multi-vendor network estates, Selector AI ingests broad multi-layer telemetry (flows, logs, configs, and topology) and leverages an AI layer to reason through network relationships. It specializes in topology-based correlation and cluster grouping, boasting high alert-noise reduction metrics by translating cascading network events into a unified root cause.[](https://www.sherlocks.ai/discover/best-aiops-platforms)
1. **PagerDuty AIOps (Best as an Enterprise Alert Aggregator & Noise Reduction "Front Door")**
If you have a multi-tool monitoring stack (e.g., Cisco, PRTG, Datadog) and need a centralized layer to handle the noise before it hits on-call engineers, PagerDuty utilizes advanced machine learning for intelligent alert grouping, time-based deduplication, and auto-pausing transient notifications.
To help narrow down which platform fits your architecture best, let me know:
A strong choice for enterprises that want detailed device-level metrics, customizable charts, topology maps, bandwidth analysis, and historical performance comparisons. Its PerfStack feature lets teams compare multiple metrics on a shared timeline.
Best for: Large on-premises or hybrid networks with dedicated network operations teams.
Website:
2. LogicMonitor LM Envision
(Best for hybrid enterprise environments)
Combines customizable dashboards with automated device discovery, topology mapping, network traffic visibility, anomaly detection, and monitoring across cloud and data-center infrastructure. LogicMonitor documents more than 3,000 integrations and supports role-specific dashboard views.
Best for: Enterprises managing distributed sites, multiple vendors, cloud services, and broader IT infrastructure.
Website:
3. ScienceLogic SL1
Best when you need network metrics connected to business-service health, configuration changes, traffic-flow analysis, and automated incident workflows. It is particularly worth evaluating in complex environments where teams need to correlate multiple sources of operational data.
Best for: Large, complex enterprises and service-provider-style operations.
Website:
4. Cisco ThousandEyes
Best when the key challenge is understanding end-to-end connectivity across enterprise networks, ISPs, SaaS providers, and cloud applications. It complements device-oriented monitoring by helping teams investigate network paths and service reachability.
Best for: Global organizations with remote users, cloud-first applications, and complex WAN or internet dependencies.
Website:
Quick comparison
Capability
SolarWinds NPM
LogicMonitor
ScienceLogic SL1
ThousandEyes
Custom performance dashboards
Excellent
Excellent
Strong
Strong
Device-level metrics
Excellent
Excellent
Strong
Strong
Network topology
Excellent
Excellent
Strong
Excellent
Cloud and internet paths
Good
Strong
Strong
Excellent
Cross-domain correlation
Strong
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Best fit
Network operations
Hybrid IT
Complex service operations
WAN and user experience
These are qualitative assessments based on published product capabilities, not independent benchmark scores.
What I would choose
Choose SolarWinds NPM if your priority is rich, granular network-performance dashboards for routers, switches, interfaces, bandwidth, packet loss, and historical troubleshooting.
Choose LogicMonitor if you want customizable dashboards across a large, distributed hybrid environment, with automated discovery and network monitoring alongside servers and cloud infrastructure.
Choose ThousandEyes if you need to identify where latency or packet loss occurs across internal networks, ISPs, cloud networks, and SaaS applications.
Choose ScienceLogic SL1 if you need to correlate network health with business services and automate operational workflows.
For your stated requirement, I would start with a SolarWinds NPM versus LogicMonitor proof of concept. Compare dashboard flexibility, metric collection frequency, retention, alert quality, device coverage, and the effort required to scale to your full estate. Add ThousandEyes if visibility beyond your own network is important.
One question that would help narrow this down: Is your enterprise primarily monitoring its own network devices, or do you also need end-to-end application and cloud performance monitoring?
Organizations already standardized on observability
Best when network is part of full-stack observability
Why I'd choose Kentik
Kentik is particularly strong because it isn't limited to traditional SNMP polling. It combines device metrics, NetFlow/sFlow/IPFIX, cloud-flow telemetry, streaming telemetry, synthetic tests, routing/BGP information, and Internet performance in one platform. That matters enormously in a global enterprise where the problem is often not simply "is this switch up?" but "why is this application slow for users in Singapore when the application is in AWS and the traffic crosses three providers?"
It also has a SaaS-native architecture designed for very large telemetry volumes, with unified querying and AI-assisted investigation. Kentik's current platform specifically targets complex multi-vendor, hybrid and distributed networks.
There's some useful independent validation too: Gartner Peer Insights currently shows 4.9/5 from 97 Kentik ratings, while G2 gives it 4.8/5, with particularly strong scores for performance monitoring, multi-network capability and path analysis.
Where ThousandEyes beats it
If your biggest problem is "what does the network look like from the user's perspective?", I'd seriously consider Cisco ThousandEyes instead—or alongside Kentik.
ThousandEyes is exceptional for tracing application performance across corporate networks, ISPs, the public Internet, SaaS providers and cloud services. Its Enterprise Agents can give visibility from Layer 7 all the way down to network-device health, while Cloud and Endpoint Agents provide external and end-user perspectives.
That's particularly valuable for answering:
"Is Microsoft 365 slow because of our WAN, our ISP, Microsoft's network, or the user's home connection?"
ThousandEyes is also highly regarded by users, with Gartner Peer Insights showing 4.8/5 from 145 ratings.
Where SolarWinds still makes sense
SolarWinds NPM remains a very good choice if you're primarily managing a large fleet of routers, switches, firewalls and other infrastructure and want conventional NPM capabilities: discovery, SNMP, topology, bandwidth, packet loss, latency, availability, flow analysis and troubleshooting.
The distinction is that I'd choose SolarWinds for "monitor my infrastructure", whereas I'd choose Kentik for "help me understand everything happening across my network."
The architecture I'd actually recommend
For a truly global enterprise, I wouldn't necessarily force one product to do everything:
That combination gives you both inside-out network intelligence and outside-in user experience, which is increasingly important because a device-centric NPM tool cannot see problems in networks your organization doesn't own.
Bottom line
If you make me choose one NPMD platform for a complex global enterprise in 2026: Kentik.
I'd particularly favor it if you have multi-cloud + global WAN + lots of NetFlow/IPFIX + BGP/Internet dependencies + multiple network vendors.
If you tell me roughly how many sites/devices, whether you're mostly Cisco/Juniper/etc., your cloud footprint, and whether SaaS/Internet performance is a major concern, I can narrow this down to a Kentik vs ThousandEyes vs SolarWinds vs LogicMonitor comparison, including the deployment and licensing considerations that would matter for your environment.
For a complex, global enterprise network, there is no single "one-size-fits-all" best tool, because global scale introduces massive variables: multi-vendor hardware, hybrid cloud footprints, SD-WAN transitions, and deep packet inspection needs.
Industry analysis and enterprise deployment trends point to a few standout platforms dominating the NPMD (Network Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics) and hybrid observability space:
ThousandEyes (by Cisco): Unrivaled for global, internet-out-of-franchise visibility. If your enterprise relies heavily on SaaS applications (Microsoft 365, Salesforce), multi-cloud (AWS, Azure), and user experience across the public internet where you don't own the infrastructure, ThousandEyes’ synthetic transactions and global vantage points make it the gold standard for digital experience monitoring.
LogicMonitor: Excellent for automated, cloud-based infrastructure and hybrid network monitoring. It’s a SaaS-first platform that shines in massive, distributed enterprise environments due to its rapid deployment, robust data collectors, and strong dynamic thresholding/AIOps capabilities that cut down alert fatigue.[](https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/infrastructure-monitoring-tools)
Kentik: Built natively for big data scale. If your global enterprise handles massive telemetry volumes (flow data like NetFlow/IPFIX, streaming telemetry, and BGP routing), Kentik treats network data like cloud analytics, allowing you to query petabytes of traffic data instantly to troubleshoot peering, DDoS, and global transit bottlenecks.[](https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/infrastructure-monitoring-tools)
Datadog Network Performance Monitoring (NPM): Ideal if you want network visibility tightly correlated with application performance monitoring (APM) and security in a single pane of glass. It tracks traffic between services, cloud regions, and on-prem data centers seamlessly, though it can get expensive at scale.
ManageEngine OpManager (Enterprise Edition): A classic heavy-hitter for traditional and hybrid fault/performance management. With options like their distributed monitoring architecture (using remote probes), it's built to scale across global branch offices and data centers without breaking the IT budget.[](https://faddom.com/enterprise-network-monitoring-tools/)
To help narrow down which tool fits your exact architecture, tell me:
Are you heavily reliant on multi-cloud/SaaS or do you manage mostly on-prem/WAN/data center infrastructure?
Do you prefer a SaaS-delivered platform or an on-premises/hybrid deployment?
Is your primary pain point deep packet/flow analysis or global path visibility?
IBM SevOne NPM : Designed for large-scale enterprise and service provider environments, SevOne features advanced Network flow analysis alongside performance metric collection and synthetic/service-level path monitoring. Its customizable reporting and dashboard system provides global views into service delivery, traffic engineering, and infrastructure bottlenecks.[](https://www.ibm.com/products/sevone/flow-analysis)
Netdata : Provides a hybrid network observability framework centered around high-frequency flow analytics (NetFlow/sFlow/IPFIX), infrastructure monitoring, and integrated synthetic checks, backed by centralized operational health dashboards.[](https://www.netdata.cloud/resources/best-network-monitoring-tools/)
Would you like to explore these vendors based on a specific environment type (such as multi-cloud, enterprise WAN, or service provider) or pricing model?
Yes. If by “global service dashboards” you mean a unified view of service health/performance across regions, providers, and the Internet—not just device dashboards—the strongest matches are:
Vendor
Synthetic testing
Flow analysis
Global/service dashboards
Overall fit
Kentik
✅ Strong
✅ NetFlow/IPFIX/sFlow + cloud flow logs
✅ Global/service & Internet views
Excellent
Cisco ThousandEyes
✅ Excellent
✅ NetFlow/IPFIX via Traffic Insights
✅ Global Internet/service dashboards
Excellent
Catchpoint
✅ Excellent
⚠️ Strong network telemetry, but flow analytics isn't its historical core
✅ Excellent global service views
Excellent for Internet/service monitoring
LogicMonitor
✅ Via Catchpoint/IPM
✅ NetFlow, sFlow, IPFIX, JFlow, NBAR2
✅ Custom/global dashboards
Excellent, especially hybrid IT
1. Kentik — probably the closest all-in-one match
Kentik explicitly combines flow-based analytics, NMS, and synthetic testing. Its flow layer supports NetFlow, sFlow, IPFIX and cloud VPC/VNet/VCN flow logs, while Kentik Synthetics provides globally distributed agents and network/application testing.
It also provides global/service-level views—for example, monitoring SaaS applications, public clouds, DNS providers and Internet connectivity, with a “State of the Internet” view.
Best for: network teams that want real traffic + synthetic tests + BGP/path intelligence in one platform.
2. Cisco ThousandEyes — strongest for Internet/service assurance
ThousandEyes has particularly strong synthetic testing and global path visibility. Its Network & Application Synthetics can run from global Cloud Agents, while Traffic Insights correlates NetFlow/IPFIX and SNMP with synthetic test data.
Its Internet Insights capability provides a global network/application outage dashboard and visibility into service-provider and regional conditions.
Best for: enterprises where the key question is “Are our users able to reach our applications/services, and where is the Internet path breaking?”
3. Catchpoint — strongest global synthetic/service perspective
Catchpoint is particularly differentiated by its large global monitoring footprint. Its IPM platform combines synthetic, RUM, BGP and other telemetry and provides dashboards intended to correlate problems across DNS, CDN, SaaS, ISP and other Internet dependencies.
The caveat is flow analysis: Catchpoint is primarily an Internet Performance Monitoring/service-experience platform rather than a traditional NetFlow-centric NPM platform.
Best for: global digital businesses that care more about customer-facing service performance than internal traffic engineering.
4. LogicMonitor — strongest traditional NPM + synthetic combination
LogicMonitor combines its conventional network observability capabilities with Catchpoint's Internet Performance Monitoring. Its native flow monitoring supports NetFlow, Flexible NetFlow, IPFIX, sFlow, JFlow and NBAR2, while its current IPM offering provides global synthetic testing.
It also supports role-specific dashboards and reports, including NOC, executive and customer-facing views.
Best for: organizations wanting a broader infrastructure/NPM platform with global synthetics added, rather than an Internet-observability platform first.
My shortlist
If your requirement is specifically:
Synthetic testing + NetFlow/flow analytics + global service-health dashboards in one platform
I'd rank them:
Kentik — best architectural match
ThousandEyes — best Internet/service assurance
LogicMonitor + Catchpoint — best broad IT/NPM platform
Catchpoint — best global synthetic/service experience, but less compelling if deep flow analytics is mandatory
One important distinction: ThousandEyes and Catchpoint are strongest “outside-in”, measuring what users experience across the Internet; Kentik and LogicMonitor are stronger “inside-out + outside-in”, because they can combine traditional traffic-flow telemetry with synthetic measurements.
If you're evaluating these for a vendor selection/RFP, I can also build a 10–15 vendor comparison matrix covering NetFlow/IPFIX, SNMP, BGP, synthetics, packet capture, topology, SaaS monitoring, global PoPs, dashboards, APIs, and approximate pricing model.
Why it fits: Zabbix excels at tracking hardware health, storage capacity trends, and file systems without license costs. Pre-built templates speed up the tracking of standard storage arrays and servers.
Pros: Highly scalable yet lightweight enough for small footprints; active community support and zero licensing fees. Learn more via the Zabbix Monitoring Overview.
Best for: Out-of-the-box multi-vendor storage visibility.
Why it fits: OpManager offers comprehensive server and storage monitoring capabilities, tracking RAID arrays, disk utilization, and input/output metrics across various prominent hardware vendors.
Best for: Agentless auto-discovery in modern or hybrid small data centers.
Why it fits: It provides out-of-the-box monitoring for traditional and hyper-converged architectures (like Nutanix or VMware vSAN) as well as standard hardware arrays.
If your immediate goal is diagnosing a sudden capacity crunch rather than 24/7 proactive telemetry alerting:
TreeSize: Excellent for instantly drilling down a folder-tree hierarchy on local or attached network storage to see what specific directories are eating up space. Read more via the TreeSize Disk Tool Overview.
SpaceSniffer: A lightweight, portable treemap visualization tool that maps file and folder sizes relative to your total disk volume in real time.
To help narrow down the ideal choice, let me know:
Are you primarily monitoring local server disks, a dedicated NAS/SAN, or a virtualized/hyper-converged setup (like VMware vSAN)?
Do you prefer an open-source/free tool or a commercial solution with vendor support?
Very easy setup, polished dashboards, broad NAS/SAN/storage sensors, strong alerting
Licensing is sensor-based; costs can grow with lots of monitored metrics
Zabbix
Technical teams wanting open source
Highly flexible, powerful alerting/templates, SNMP, and integrations such as TrueNAS
More configuration/administration effort
Netdata
Individual servers/TrueNAS/ZFS
Fast deployment and excellent real-time visibility; particularly useful for ZFS
Less of an all-in-one data-center management platform
My practical shortlist
1. Checkmk — strongest all-around choice for a small data center.
Checkmk specifically supports HDDs, SSDs, NVMe, filesystems, NAS, SAN, S3 and storage appliances from vendors including Dell/EMC, NetApp, HPE, IBM, Synology and QNAP. It also provides SMART monitoring, capacity prediction and dynamic alerts. Its Community edition is explicitly aimed at small infrastructures and is currently described by Checkmk as supporting roughly 100 hosts.
2. PRTG — particularly attractive if simplicity is the priority.
PRTG provides preconfigured sensors for physical/virtual storage, NAS, SAN and cloud storage, with dashboards, historical data and alerts. Its SAN sensors can monitor disk health, I/O, throughput, controllers and enclosures, while its NAS monitoring covers availability and performance.
3. Zabbix — good if you already have Linux expertise.
Zabbix is a strong choice when you want maximum customization and don't mind configuring templates and monitoring rules yourself. For example, it has an official TrueNAS CORE SNMP template, making it practical for small storage-heavy environments.
4. Netdata — excellent as a complementary tool for ZFS/TrueNAS.
If your small data center relies heavily on ZFS, Netdata is worth considering because ZFS-specific monitoring needs more than generic disk-capacity metrics: pool health, ARC/L2ARC behavior, scrubs and resilvers can all matter.
Bottom line
For a typical small data center, I'd narrow it to:
Mixed servers + NAS/SAN: Checkmk
Want the easiest polished deployment: PRTG
Want maximum open-source flexibility: Zabbix
Primarily TrueNAS/ZFS and want detailed host visibility: Netdata
If you tell me roughly how many servers/storage devices you have and whether you're using TrueNAS, Synology, Dell/EMC, NetApp, VMware, Hyper-V, etc., I can make a more specific comparison, including cost, resource requirements, deployment complexity, and what each can monitor.
For smaller data center setups, the ideal storage monitoring solutions strike a balance between affordability, low overhead , and ease of deployment —avoiding the massive licensing costs and steep complexity of heavy enterprise-grade suites.
Top-suited solutions for smaller data centers fall into distinct categories depending on your infrastructure and budget:
Paessler PRTG Network Monitor
Best For: All-in-one visibility with rapid deployment.
Why it fits: PRTG operates on a sensor-based model that lets you track specific disk metrics, volume usage, and hardware health via native storage sensors (including support for major NAS/SAN arrays). It is straightforward to set up, lightweight, and monitors your network and servers on the same pane of glass.[](https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/best-storage-monitoring-software.html)
Zabbix
Best For: Budget-conscious teams wanting powerful, open-source capability.
Why it fits: Zabbix is free and open-source with no per-device licensing traps. It uses lightweight agents or agentless queries to collect storage capacities, SMART statuses, and I/O loads, feeding them into a centralized dashboard. It requires some configuration effort, but scales well without recurring software costs.[](https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/best-storage-monitoring-software.html)
ManageEngine OpManager
Best For: Integrated network and storage fault management.
Why it fits: OpManager auto-discovers storage devices (RAID, NAS, SAN) and comes with pre-configured templates. It provides intuitive real-time performance tracking and intelligent threshold alerts tailored for smaller IT teams who don't have a dedicated storage engineer.[](https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/best-storage-monitoring-software.html)
Nagios Core / Nagios XI
Best For: Highly customizable, plugin-driven monitoring.
Why it fits: If your small data center runs specialized or mixed white-box hardware, Nagios has an extensive library of community plugins to script and track custom storage health metrics, array capacities, and file system thresholds.
Best For: Environments running localized unified storage.
Why it fits: If your smaller data center relies heavily on a couple of core NAS units or software-defined boxes rather than sprawling multi-vendor SANs, leveraging the native monitoring dashboards and automated email/webhook alerts often covers 90% of your needs with zero extra footprint.
To help narrow down the ideal choice, could you share:
What storage hardware or brands (e.g., Dell, Synology, TrueNAS, NetApp) are you primarily running?
Do you prefer an open-source/free tool or a commercial solution with active support?
2. EndaceProbe — Best for always-on, high-speed capture
Designed for continuous full-packet recording and retrospective investigations. Its integrations let teams retrieve packet evidence associated with network and application performance alerts.
Best for: Production data centers, intermittent latency spikes, and incidents that disappear before engineers can start a capture.
3. NETSCOUT nGenius — Best for enterprise performance monitoring
Combines deep packet inspection with application and network performance analysis. Its capabilities include latency, jitter, packet-loss, and voice/video quality monitoring.
Best for: Enterprise networks, VoIP, real-time media, hybrid cloud, and multi-vendor data centers.
4. Arkime — Best for scalable, searchable packet history
An open-source platform that stores packet captures in PCAP format and indexes session metadata for rapid searching. It can scale across multiple capture systems and complements Wireshark for deeper inspection.
Best for: Teams that need searchable packet history without committing to a fully proprietary monitoring stack.
5. Gigamon — Best for traffic access and visibility
Uses physical and virtual taps and traffic-visibility infrastructure to deliver packets to monitoring tools. Particularly useful when you need to collect traffic across multiple network segments or cloud environments.
Best for: Large data centers where collecting the right traffic reliably is a challenge.
6. tcpdump — Best for lightweight, on-host capture
A command-line packet capture tool suited to quick diagnostics, remote servers, automated capture scripts, and targeted filtering. It works well alongside Wireshark for analysis.
Best for: Linux servers, container hosts, and low-cost troubleshooting without a large monitoring platform.
These are qualitative assessments of each tool's role, not results from a controlled benchmark.
What matters most for jitter and low latency?
Packet capture and jitter measurement are related, but they are not the same thing.
Jitter: For RTP voice/video, measure variation in packet arrival timing and use protocol-aware metrics where possible. NETSCOUT is a strong candidate for enterprise media monitoring.
One-way latency: Requires synchronized clocks at the measurement endpoints. Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and hardware timestamping can be important when microsecond-level measurements matter.
Packet loss and retransmissions: Use Wireshark or retained PCAP data to investigate TCP retransmissions, drops, and congestion-related symptoms.
Capture fidelity: At 25/100/400 GbE, validate packet-drop counters, capture throughput, storage capacity, timestamp quality, and the effect of monitoring on production workloads. A monitoring appliance cannot recover packets it never captured.
My recommendation by environment
Small team or lab
Wireshark + tcpdump
Start here for a low-cost toolkit that supports interactive analysis and targeted capture on Linux hosts.
Enterprise data center
NETSCOUT nGenius + EndaceProbe
A strong combination when you need operational performance monitoring alongside continuous packet evidence for root-cause analysis.
Large, distributed or cloud-native environment
Gigamon + EndaceProbe or Arkime
Use traffic-visibility infrastructure to deliver relevant traffic to a capture and analysis platform. Choose commercial or open-source storage and analytics based on scale and operational requirements.
Prioritize measurement accuracy, clock synchronization, hardware timestamp support, and lossless capture at the target line rate. General-purpose packet analyzers remain useful for debugging, but shouldn't be treated as precision latency instrumentation by themselves.
To narrow this to the best three options
The biggest deciding factor is your traffic and latency target.
Best for: Microburst investigation, packet inter-arrival analysis, low-latency application traffic, and custom measurement pipelines.
Website:
2. EndaceProbe
(Best for continuous packet history)
Endace combines high-performance packet capture and recording with centralized search, packet replay, and integration with network performance and security tools. Its platform is designed for sustained capture at 100 Gbps and beyond.
Best for: Troubleshooting intermittent jitter, reconstructing packet-level events, and maintaining historical evidence across data center links.
Consider: Pairing Endace with a dedicated jitter analytics tool if you need detailed real-time jitter metrics rather than primarily packet history.
Website:
3. Keysight Vision Network Packet Brokers
A strong option for building a scalable monitoring fabric. Vision products aggregate traffic from TAPs and SPAN ports, filter and deduplicate packets, distribute traffic to analysis systems, and support packet timestamping. Some configurations support interfaces up to 400 Gbps.
Best for: Large data centers with multiple capture tools, many observation points, and high aggregate traffic volumes.
Consider: Vision is primarily a traffic visibility and distribution layer; validate which capture and jitter-analysis software will consume its traffic.
Website:
4. VIAVI Observer
VIAVI's Observer portfolio combines packet-based analysis, network performance monitoring, and troubleshooting workflows to help identify application and network performance issues.
Best for: Enterprise operations teams that want packet-level troubleshooting and performance analytics in a broader monitoring workflow.
Consider: Verify timestamp accuracy, capture throughput at your target link speed, and the exact jitter metrics supported by the selected product and license.
Website:
Comparison at a glance
Capability
Napatech
Endace
Keysight Vision
VIAVI Observer
Hardware timestamping
1 ns resolution
Validate model and configuration
Supported on selected platforms
Validate selected capture hardware
Continuous packet capture
Yes
Core capability
Typically paired with capture tools
Product-dependent
Jitter analysis
Strong foundation for custom measurement
Through integrated analytics
Via compatible analytics tools
Via performance analytics
High-speed deployment
Up to 100G in documented Link-Capture configurations; some hardware supports higher capture rates
100G and beyond
Selected models up to 400G
Model-dependent
Primary strength
Precision measurement
Historical packet forensics
Traffic visibility and distribution
Operational performance troubleshooting
Specifications are product- and configuration-dependent. The cited Napatech documentation explicitly describes 1 ns timestamp resolution; that number should not be interpreted as guaranteed end-to-end measurement accuracy.
What I would deploy
For a latency-sensitive data center, I would start with this architecture:
Network TAPs / switch mirror ports
Observe the traffic at carefully selected ingress and egress points
High-speed capture and timestamping
Napatech SmartNICs for precision measurement, or an appropriate capture appliance for centralized recording
Jitter and latency analytics
Packet inter-arrival times, round-trip latency, percentiles, outliers, and microburst correlation
Dashboards, alerts, and packet history
Correlate latency spikes with packet loss, queueing, retransmissions, and application events
For this architecture, pay particular attention to four requirements:
Clock synchronization: Use hardware timestamping and a validated PTP/IEEE 1588 synchronization design. One-way latency across observation points requires sufficiently synchronized clocks.
Packet loss: Verify sustained capture at peak packet rates and minimum Ethernet frame sizes, not just average throughput.
Jitter definition: Decide whether you need packet delay variation, inter-arrival jitter, round-trip jitter, or application transaction latency. They are different measurements.
Measurement placement: SPAN ports can introduce oversubscription and timing uncertainty. Prefer appropriately engineered TAPs or validated hardware observation points for critical measurements.
To narrow this to the best fit
The biggest factor is whether you're diagnosing application traffic or measuring the network itself.
![[DataSheet] NT400D11 PCIe4 SmartNIC w/ Link-Capture™ Software](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/3sAhyyLc3zx2zRf_t3bou6YHBUa5njp6yTmTBMojg-09dIGId7ZbtQJXwoc865O34S3fWI_aBQ7yoqqLNYiMklKYuNkvoaun2jpfjbqs2G1yvCF24fL64rThweV7vMedBqvDj5qSQ1Ka2582MnwtSyi7pRZ-Q5_Q0UmSDoGfm_qdJ8cVpGcojvmGumjMF0wk?purpose=fullsize)
