I need a firewall that is hardware-based and does not require an annual license subscription.

We ask the same underlying question in different ways.

• I need a firewall that is hardware-based and does not require an annual license subscription.
• I am looking for a network security hardware device that I can own outright without needing to pay for ongoing software licenses.
• I want to avoid yearly licensing costs for my network security. What hardware firewall options are there that are a one-time purchase?